Cooling tower water treatment with zero chemicals.

Chemical-Free Water Treatment (SBR™) is a fully automatic online water treatment system that continuously cleans cooling tower water without a single chemical dose. Scale precipitates out in a reaction chamber instead of depositing on your heat exchangers.

SEE IT IN ACTION

Drive your sustainability goals with SBR™

Major problems associated with cooling towers

The same cooling tower, treated two different ways — chemical dosing still leaves scale and biofouling behind; SBR™ doesn't.

Treated by chemicals

With non-chemical technology — SBR™

HOW IT WORKS

Scale precipitates out — before it ever reaches your heat exchangers

Instead of dosing chemicals to keep hardness minerals in solution, SBR™ continuously draws a side-stream of cooling tower water through a reaction chamber where scale-forming minerals are precipitated out and removed. The treated water returns to the tower with dramatically reduced scaling and biological fouling potential — with no moving parts and no chemical storage or handling on site.

  • Fully automatic, continuous online operation — no manual dosing schedule
  • Increases cycles of concentration 2–3x versus conventional chemical treatment
  • Removes the Legionella risk associated with chemical dosing lapses
  • No chemical storage, handling, or disposal compliance burden
  • Treated water can be recycled for irrigation and other alternate uses

Do you want to?

Zero chemicals

Treat cooling tower water without any chemicals.

Less bleed-off

Reduce bleed-off quantity from your cooling tower.

Higher CoC

Increase cycles of concentration by 2–3x.

Lower STP costs

Reduce sewage treatment plant costs downstream.

Go green

Adopt environment-friendly water treatment.

WHAT YOU SAVE

Every line item in your water treatment budget, reduced

By running at higher cycles of concentration and cutting blowdown volume, SBR™ reduces freshwater intake, effluent (STP) treatment costs, energy use, and the labour that used to go into managing a chemical dosing program. All precipitation of salts occurs in the reaction chamber — leaving no scale in your system's heat exchangers, and giving you control over corrosion potential thanks to the low aggression of treated water.

100%
Chemical savings
5–15%
Lower energy costs
10–50%
Lower labour costs
Request a free site assessment ›

Advantages of SBR™

Operational cost cuts

Save up to 60% on operational costs, with 100% chemical savings and 5–15% lower energy costs.

Water & labour savings

30–100% decrease in water usage, 10–50% lower labour costs, and up to $10/m³ reduction in STP cost.

Green technology

Water reuse for irrigation, 2–3x cycles of concentration, and scale/biological/corrosion control — precipitation happens in the reaction chamber, so no scale reaches your heat exchangers, and treated water's low aggression keeps corrosion in check.

Longer cooling system lifespan with SBR™

Zero chemicals

No chemical dosing, storage, or handling anywhere in the system.

Saves water

Higher cycles of concentration mean less makeup water and bleed-off.

ROI < 2 years

Typical payback on an SBR™ install is under two years.

Environment friendly

No chemical discharge, no compliance burden, no handling risk.

WHERE IT'S USED

Wherever cooling towers run chemical-heavy water treatment today

SBR™ is installed across commercial buildings, industrial cooling towers, and power plants — and is especially valued during prolonged shutdowns, when chemical dosing programs are hardest to maintain and Legionella risk is highest.

Comparison at a glance

Criterion Chemical Chemical-Free (SBR) Ozone UV
Capital cost Low Medium High Low
Operating cost High Chemical purchase, disposal Medium-low High Energy + maintenance Low
Chemical-free No Yes Yes Yes
Legionella control Conditional Depends on dose discipline Full Full Partial No residual protection
Scale control Yes Yes Partial No
Residual disinfection Yes Yes No Ozone degrades rapidly No
Biofilm removal Partial Good Excellent No
ESG compatible Limited Yes Yes Yes
Standalone capable Yes Yes Yes No Supplement only
Operator dependency High Low Medium Low
Best system size Any Medium → large Large + expert ops Any (supplement)

Technology deep-dives

Chemical Conventional chemical treatment The industry default

Biocides (chlorine, bromine, isothiazolones), scale inhibitors, and corrosion inhibitors are dosed into the cooling water at regular intervals via automated pumps. Chemistry is adjusted based on regular water sampling and analysis conducted by the treatment supplier.

Strengths
  • Lowest capital cost — minimal equipment investment required
  • Works across all system sizes and water chemistries
  • Decades of documented performance data across industries
  • No electrical infrastructure required
  • Chemistry adjustable for variable site conditions
Limitations
  • High ongoing chemical purchase, delivery, and disposal costs
  • Chemical storage and handling create health and safety obligations
  • Legionella risk if dosing lapses — entirely operator-dependent
  • Chemical discharge in blowdown creates effluent compliance obligations
  • Incompatible with most green building and ESG certification frameworks
  • Susceptible to human error — manual schedules are frequently missed

Best for: Small to medium systems where capital cost is the overriding constraint; legacy installations where system change is impractical; applications with highly variable water chemistry requiring flexible dosing.

SBR Chemical-Free Water Treatment (SBR) CET Enviro's technology

An electrical current passes through the cooling water via a side-stream bypass reactor, electrochemically generating hypochlorite biocide directly from the dissolved salts already present in the water. No external chemicals are purchased, stored, or handled. The system operates continuously and automatically — biocide is generated on-demand and delivers residual protection throughout the cooling circuit.

Strengths
  • Eliminates chemical purchase, storage, and handling entirely
  • Continuous residual disinfection — no dosing gaps or lapses
  • Addresses microbiological risk AND scale/corrosion in one integrated system
  • Significantly lower long-term operating expenditure vs. chemical treatment
  • Automated — low operator dependency and reduced human error risk
  • Zero-downtime installation on live systems — no planned shutdown required
  • Eliminates chemical discharge in blowdown — ESG and green certification compatible
Limitations
  • Higher capital cost than conventional chemical treatment
  • Requires adequate source water conductivity (minimum ~200 µS/cm TDS)
  • Generates chlorine-based biocide — metallurgical assessment required for copper alloy systems
  • Electrode replacement required — typically every 2–5 years depending on water quality

Best for: Medium to large cooling tower installations with significant existing chemical spend; ESG-focused operators; pharmaceutical, hospitality, data centre, and industrial operators subject to Legionella compliance obligations.

Ozone Ozone treatment Technically superior, operationally demanding

Ozone (O₃) is generated on-site by an electrical discharge generator and injected into the cooling water. A powerful oxidiser, ozone destroys bacteria, breaks down biofilm, and controls scale — then rapidly decomposes back to oxygen, leaving no chemical residue in the system or in blowdown discharge.

Strengths
  • No chemical additions — zero residue in input water or blowdown output
  • Most effective biofilm removal of the four technologies
  • Broad-spectrum microorganism control including Legionella
  • No chemical storage required at any point
  • Can reduce cycles of concentration, lowering overall water consumption
  • Fully compatible with all green building and ESG certification frameworks
Limitations
  • Highest capital cost of the four technologies
  • No residual protection — ozone degrades to oxygen within minutes
  • Ozone is a health hazard above 0.1 ppm — requires gas containment and monitoring
  • High energy consumption for ozone generation
  • Reduced effectiveness in turbid or high-organic-load water
  • Requires specialist commissioning, maintenance, and significant operator training

Best for: Large, sophisticated installations where total chemical elimination is a compliance or brand requirement; food and beverage processing; pharmaceutical and life sciences operators with strong in-house engineering capability.

UV UV (ultraviolet) treatment Supplement, not a standalone solution

Water passes through a chamber exposed to UV-C light (typically 254 nm), which destroys microorganism DNA — preventing reproduction — without adding any chemicals. Only water actively flowing through the UV chamber is treated; no residual disinfection is carried through the rest of the system.

Strengths
  • No chemicals — no purchase, storage, or disposal requirements
  • Low capital and operating cost
  • Compact footprint, simple to install and operate
  • No effect on water chemistry — pH and TDS remain unchanged
  • Effective at reducing total chemical consumption when used as a supplement
Limitations
  • No residual protection — dead-legs, storage tanks, and biofilm remain entirely untreated
  • Cannot control scale or corrosion under any circumstances
  • Ineffective in turbid or high-TDS water — UV cannot penetrate
  • Not accepted as standalone Legionella control under HSE ACoP L8 or ASHRAE 188
  • Cannot address existing biofilm — prior system clean required if biofilm is present
  • Annual UV lamp replacement required

Best for: Supplementary use alongside chemical or electrolytic treatment to reduce total biocide requirement; potable water polishing; low-risk, small-scale cooling systems.

Where SBR is not the right choice

Our SBR system is not the right answer for every application. Below are six situations where we would recommend a different technology — or tell you honestly that the business case for our system does not work for your site. We would rather lose a sale than install a system that underperforms.

Scenario 1
Very small cooling systems (under ~50 TR / 175 kW)
The capital cost of an electrochemical system typically cannot be recovered within a reasonable timeframe on small installations. Conventional chemical dosing remains the more economical choice at this scale. We will tell you this at the first site assessment — not after you have signed a contract.
Scenario 2
Source water with very low conductivity (below ~150–200 µS/cm TDS)
Electrolysis requires a minimum level of dissolved minerals to generate biocide effectively. Demineralised, RO-fed, or very soft source water does not provide adequate conductivity for reliable biocide generation. The system will operate but performance will be insufficient and unreliable.
Scenario 3
Systems with specific copper alloy metallurgy
The hypochlorite generated by electrolysis can accelerate pitting corrosion in systems containing admiralty brass, cupronickel, or other copper alloys. A full metallurgical survey of your system is required before we proceed — and in some cases our system is not compatible without significant pipework modifications.
Scenario 4
Short-duration or highly seasonal installations
Where a cooling system operates for fewer than four to five months per year, the accumulated savings from eliminating chemical treatment may not offset the capital investment within the operational life of the equipment. A full lifecycle cost analysis is required before we can make a recommendation either way.
Scenario 5
Extremely high suspended solids or organic load in source water
High organic load causes the electrochemically generated biocide to be consumed rapidly before it can provide effective disinfection downstream. Source water pre-treatment may be required — adding cost and complexity that may make alternative approaches more practical for the specific site.
Scenario 6
Where ozone is technically the superior choice
For large installations operated by teams with strong engineering capability — particularly where total absence of chlorine compounds in blowdown is a regulatory or brand compliance requirement — ozone may be the technically superior solution. We will say this even though we do not sell ozone systems. The right technology for the site matters more than the sale.

Frequently asked questions

Is Chemical-Free Water Treatment (SBR) the same as chlorination?

Both produce hypochlorite as the active biocide, but conventional chlorination adds chemical chlorine from an external supply — purchased, stored on-site, and handled by operators. Electrolysis generates hypochlorite in-situ from dissolved chloride ions naturally present in the cooling water. No external chemical is purchased, stored, or handled at any point. The biocide is chemically identical; the supply chain, safety profile, and cost structure are entirely different.

Can UV be used as the sole treatment for a cooling tower?

No. UV disinfects water actively passing through the UV chamber but provides no residual protection anywhere else in the system. Pipework, storage tanks, dead-legs, and biofilm on internal surfaces remain entirely untreated. Most national Legionella risk assessment frameworks — including HSE ACoP L8 (UK) and ASHRAE 188 (US) — do not accept UV as a standalone cooling tower control measure.

How do I choose between electrolysis and ozone for a large installation?

The key decision factors are capital budget, engineering capability, system size, and blowdown discharge requirements. Electrolysis is the more practical choice for the majority of medium-to-large industrial and commercial operators — lower capital cost, no gas containment, and lower operator training demands. Ozone produces superior biofilm elimination and leaves zero chemical residue in blowdown, but carries significantly higher capital cost, energy consumption, and training requirements. For sites where chlorine in blowdown is a regulatory constraint, we will conduct a genuine comparative assessment before recommending our own system.

Does conventional chemical treatment still have a place?

Yes. For small systems, legacy installations, or applications where capital cost is the overriding constraint, conventional chemical treatment remains a practical and well-understood solution. The case for electrolysis or ozone strengthens as system size increases, as chemical handling costs rise, and as ESG, Legionella compliance, and green building certification requirements intensify.

What makes CET Enviro's SBR system different from other chemical-free alternatives?

Three things. First, our system addresses microbiological risk, scale, and corrosion in a single integrated solution — many alternatives address only one of these. Second, we offer zero-downtime installation on live systems, meaning changeover from chemical to chemical-free treatment requires no planned shutdown. Third, every system is sized and configured on a site-by-site basis, with a typical payback under two years.

Cooling towers & the risk of Legionella
Ensure your water system is safe after a prolonged shutdown

Minimise the risk of Legionnaires' disease and other waterborne illness — read our engineers' guide to Legionella risk and mitigation.

Free facility audit

Find out what your
chemical program really costs.

Our engineers audit your cooling tower water treatment and deliver a savings report — no cost, no obligation.

Or email us at info@cet-enviro.com